Estimate training zones from multiple MHR formulas

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Haskell & Fox
Estimated max heart rate (MHR)
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Healthy cardio target range (50-85% MHR)
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General guidance for moderate-to-vigorous cardio sessions.
Heart rate training zones
Zone% of MHRRange (bpm)
Training zone visualization

Heart rate training zone reference

Zone% of MHREffort levelBenefits
Zone 1: Very Light50-60%Very easy, warm-up, cool-downImproves overall health, recovery, fat metabolism
Zone 2: Light (Fat-Burning Zone)60-70%Comfortable pace, can talk easilyImproves basic endurance, fat utilization
Zone 3: Moderate (Aerobic Zone)70-80%Steady effort, harder breathingBuilds aerobic fitness, improves circulation, strengthens heart
Zone 4: Hard (Anaerobic Zone)80-90%Challenging, conversation difficultImproves VO2 max, lactate threshold, speed and performance
Zone 5: Maximum Effort90-100%Near max effort, short burstsPeak performance, sprint training, increases power

Normal resting heart rate (RHR) by age

Age groupNormal range (bpm)Notes
Newborn (0-1 month)100-180Higher due to immature heart and higher metabolism
Infant (1-12 months)100-160Still elevated compared to older children
Toddler (1-2 yrs)100-140Starts to slow down as heart grows
Preschool (3-5 yrs)80-120 
School-age (6-12 yrs)75-120Closer to adult ranges
Adolescent (13-18 yrs)60-100Similar to adult resting range
Adults (18+ yrs)60-100Well-trained athletes: 40-60
Older Adults (65+ yrs)60-100May trend slightly higher due to reduced cardiac efficiency

Special notes

  • Resting Heart Rate (RHR): typically 60-100 bpm (often lower in athletes).
  • Target Heart Rate for Cardio Health: usually 50-85% of MHR during exercise.
  • Clinical consideration: people with heart conditions should consult a doctor before training near Zone 4-5.

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